Sunday, 15 December 2013

Heart..

Heart is a part of transport system in mammals. Talking about transport system, mammals have two type of transport system, the blood circulatory system and lymphatic circulatory system. I will focus on blood circulatory system and diseases related to it first as heart belongs to that section. Blood circulatory system has a pump which is the heart, transporting vessels ( arteries, veins and capillaries ), and also transporting fluids which is the blood. Heart is made up of cardiac muscles, which is referred as myogenic. Myogenic means that the muscle tissue do not need the impulse from brain in order to react, as they are provided with own pacemakers ( SA node and AV node ). Heart is tightly contained in a fluid-filled, double membranous pericardium sac.It is to reduce the friction of the heart with the surrounding tissues while pumping. 

 All arteries carries oxygenated blood ( blood which contains oxygen ) except pulmonary artery ( carries deoxygenated blood ), whereas, all veins carries deoxgenated blood except pulmonary vein ( carries oxygenated blood ). Heart is divided with 4 chambers, the top chambers consist of right and left atria and is separated with interatrial septum. Right and left ventricles are denoted as the bottom chambers. Interventricular septum separates them.There are numerous valves in vessels and chambers, their existence is to prevent the backflow of blood once it enters a chamber or vessel.

 
Diseases related to Heart..
Cardiovascular diseases are diseases related to all sort of people regardless age. It is said to be inherited due to the sedentary lifestyle of modern people. Root cause of most cardiovascular disease is atheroma. Atheroma is deposits of cholestrol, fibrous tissues, dead muscle cells and blood platelets within inside the artery lining.It may cause thickening inner layer of arterial walls with a condition of atherosclerosis.
Cardiovascular diseases caused by atheroma is 
              a) Hypertension -- higher blood pressure as the lumen [ space inside artery ] narrows
              b) Angina -- acute chest pain, which sometimes extend down to left arm.
              c) Myocardium Infarctions (heart attack its common name)  
              d) Heart Failure
              e) Cerebrovascular Accidents[ CVA ] --  stroke, caused when capillaries rupture due to high blood pressure.
              f) Transient Ischemic Attack -- temporary disturbance of blood supply to a restricted area      resulting a brief neurologic dysfunction, usually presist in 24 hours.
              g) Arteriosclerosis

* Hypertension is said as a complication when a person's blood pressure increases to 140/90 mmHg or above continuously ( normal is 120/80 mmHg )

Since everyone has risk of developing atheroma, some have vulnerability factors that increases the risk. Such of that factors are,
              a) Lifestyles -- smoking, alcohols, ack of physical activities, unhealthy diet.
              b) High blood cholestrol level
              c) Strong family risk -- that any male family members in past has the complications like heart attack or stroke.

Preventing the Cardiovascular Diseases.. 
 In general, by preventing atheroma's development, it can lessen the cardiovascular diseases.
There are many thins can be done, this is by ~
             a) Exercise regularly
             b) Avoid unhealthy lifestyle
             c) Keep blood pressure under control 
             d) Keep cholestrol level in blood in control.
             e) Do regular check-ups in hospitals, for diabetes mellitus especially. 


 

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